What is Hyperbilirubinemia?

Hyperbilirubinemia is a condition where there is an excessive amount of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. It is processed by the liver and excreted in bile. When bilirubin levels rise too high, it can lead to jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) and other symptoms.

Causes of Hyperbilirubinemia

• Increased Bilirubin Production:
  • Conditions like hemolysis (excessive breakdown of red blood cells).
  • Newborns often experience this due to immature liver function.
• Impaired Liver Function:
  • Liver diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or Gilbert's syndrome.
  • In newborns, it can be due to immature liver enzymes.
• Bile Flow Obstruction:
  • Gallstones, tumors, or inflammation blocking the bile ducts.

Symptoms

• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).
• Dark urine.
• Pale or clay-colored stools.
• Fatigue, nausea, or abdominal pain (in severe cases).

Treatment

Treatment depends on the underlying cause:

• Newborns: Phototherapy (light therapy) helps break down excess bilirubin.
• Adults: Address the root cause, such as treating liver disease or removing bile duct obstructions.
• In severe cases, a blood transfusion or medication may be needed.

When to See a Doctor

If you or your baby show signs of jaundice, especially with other symptoms like fever, lethargy, or poor feeding, seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing complications.